Reverse Osmosis System

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Reverse osmosis is the best known filtration method and it is widely used in pharmaceutical water systems.
This process is used to remove the particles including ions from the water. Reverse osmosis system contain a semi-permeable membrane that allows to pass the water and rejects the contaminants.


In most of the reverse osmosis system it cleans the membrane it self and the process is known as crossflow. 
Reverse osmosis is capable to remove the salts, sugars, proteins, dyes, bacteria and other particles having the molecular weight greater than 250 daltons even viruses.
The reverse osmosis process requires a force to pass the water through the membrane known as driving force. 


 
This force is applied in the form of pressure with the help of high pressure pumps.
Contaminates of water are separated and collected in a tank known as concentrate. Generally the RO system recovers70-80% of feed water and this efficiency decreaseas the membrane is used.The membranes are commonly made of cellulose acetate and they are having very small pore size from ranging from 0.01µ to 0.0001µ. Generally in water purification systems, RO membranes are used having the pore size of 0.0003µ. No microorganism can pass through this membrane.
This membrane is fitted in a hollow tube where the water is passed from outside to inner side of the rube through the membrane. The filtered water is collected from the hollow tubing and the remaining water containing water contaminants is collected separately.

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